train_clustering
Train and store a machine learning model to be loaded at a later point for prediction.
Density-based clustering with “HDBSCAN”
Generates a hierarchy of clusters, but then automatically selects the best flat clustering based on the stability
of clusters across a range of density thresholds. Roughly speaking, if a cluster’s subclusters persists over a larger
range of the density parameter then the parent cluster itself, the subclusters will be selected, otherwise the parent.
The main parameter influencing cluster selection is min_cluster_size.
Can be used to predict the clusters of new data without changing the existing clustering.
Usage
The following example shows how the step can be used in a recipe.
Examples
Examples
Train an HDBSCAN model with default parameters.
Train an HDBSCAN model with default parameters.
General syntax for using the step in a recipe. Shows the inputs and outputs the step is expected to receive and will produce respectively. For futher details see sections below.
Inputs & Outputs
The following are the inputs expected by the step and the outputs it produces. These are generally
columns (ds.first_name), datasets (ds or ds[["first_name", "last_name"]]) or models (referenced
by name e.g. "churn-clf").
Inputs
Inputs
Should contain the target column and the feature columns you wish to use in the model.
Outputs
Outputs
Configuration
The following parameters can be used to configure the behaviour of the step by including them in
a json object as the last “input” to the step, i.e. step(..., {"param": "value", ...}) -> (output).
Parameters
Parameters
Toggle encoding of feature columns.
When enabled, Graphext will auto-convert any column types to the numeric type before
fitting the model. How this conversion is done can be configured using the feature_encoder
option below.
Configures encoding of feature columns.
By default (null), Graphext chooses automatically how to convert any column types the model
may not understand natively to a numeric type.
A configuration object can be passed instead to overwrite specific parameter values with respect to their default values.
Properties
Properties
Numeric encoder. Configures encoding of numeric features.
Properties
Properties
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
Whether and how to impute (replace/fill) missing values.
Values must be one of the following:
MeanMedianMostFrequentConstNone
Whether and how to scale the final numerical values (across a single column).
Values must be one of the following:
StandardRobustKNNNone
Further parameters passed to the scaler function.
Details depend no the particular scaler used.
Boolean encoder. Configures encoding of boolean features.
Ordinal encoder. Configures encoding of categorical features that have a natural order.
Category encoder. May contain either a single configuration for all categorical variables, or two different configurations for low- and high-cardinality variables. For further details pick one of the two options below.
Options
Options
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
Whether and how to impute (replace/fill) missing values.
Values must be one of the following:
MostFrequentConstNone
Maximum number of unique categories to encode. Only the N-1 most common categories will be encoded, and the rest will be grouped into a single “Others” category.
Values must be in the following range:
How to encode categories.
Values must be one of the following:
OneHot Label Ordinal Binary Frequency None
Whether and how to scale the final numerical values (across a single column).
Values must be one of the following:
StandardRobustKNNNone
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
Whether and how to impute (replace/fill) missing values.
Values must be one of the following:
MostFrequentConstNone
Maximum number of unique categories to encode. Only the N-1 most common categories will be encoded, and the rest will be grouped into a single “Others” category.
Values must be in the following range:
How to encode categories.
Values must be one of the following:
OneHot Label Ordinal Binary Frequency None
Whether and how to scale the final numerical values (across a single column).
Values must be one of the following:
StandardRobustKNNNone
Condition for application of low- or high-cardinality configuration.
Number of unique categories below which the low_cardinality configuration is used,
and above which the high_cardinality configuration is used.
Values must be in the following range:
Low cardinality configuration.
Used for categories with fewer than cardinality_threshold unique categories.
Properties
Properties
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
Whether and how to impute (replace/fill) missing values.
Values must be one of the following:
MostFrequentConstNone
Maximum number of unique categories to encode. Only the N-1 most common categories will be encoded, and the rest will be grouped into a single “Others” category.
Values must be in the following range:
How to encode categories.
Values must be one of the following:
OneHot Label Ordinal Binary Frequency None
Whether and how to scale the final numerical values (across a single column).
Values must be one of the following:
StandardRobustKNNNone
High cardinality configuration.
Used for categories with more than cardinality_threshold unique categories.
Properties
Properties
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
Whether and how to impute (replace/fill) missing values.
Values must be one of the following:
MostFrequentConstNone
Maximum number of unique categories to encode. Only the N-1 most common categories will be encoded, and the rest will be grouped into a single “Others” category.
Values must be in the following range:
How to encode categories.
Values must be one of the following:
OneHot Label Ordinal Binary Frequency None
Whether and how to scale the final numerical values (across a single column).
Values must be one of the following:
StandardRobustKNNNone
Multilabel encoder.
Configures encoding of multivalued categorical features (variable length lists of categories,
or the semantic type list[category] for short). May contain either a single configuration for
all multilabel variables, or two different configurations for low- and high-cardinality variables.
For further details pick one of the two options below.
Options
Options
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
How to encode categories/labels in multilabel (list[category]) columns.
Values must be one of the following:
BinarizerTfIdfNone
Maximum number of categories/labels to encode. If a number is provided, the result of the encoding will be reduced to these many dimensions (columns) using scikit-learn’s truncated SVD. When applied together with (after a) Tf-Idf encoding, this performs a kind of latent semantic analysis.
Values must be in the following range:
How to scale the encoded (numerical columns).
Values must be one of the following:
EuclideanKNNNormNone
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
How to encode categories/labels in multilabel (list[category]) columns.
Values must be one of the following:
BinarizerTfIdfNone
Maximum number of categories/labels to encode. If a number is provided, the result of the encoding will be reduced to these many dimensions (columns) using scikit-learn’s truncated SVD. When applied together with (after a) Tf-Idf encoding, this performs a kind of latent semantic analysis.
Values must be in the following range:
How to scale the encoded (numerical columns).
Values must be one of the following:
EuclideanKNNNormNone
Condition for application of low- or high-cardinality configuration.
Number of unique categories below which the low_cardinality configuration is used,
and above which the high_cardinality configuration is used.
Values must be in the following range:
Low cardinality configuration.
Used for mulitabel columns with fewer than cardinality_threshold unique categories/labels.
Properties
Properties
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
How to encode categories/labels in multilabel (list[category]) columns.
Values must be one of the following:
BinarizerTfIdfNone
Maximum number of categories/labels to encode. If a number is provided, the result of the encoding will be reduced to these many dimensions (columns) using scikit-learn’s truncated SVD. When applied together with (after a) Tf-Idf encoding, this performs a kind of latent semantic analysis.
Values must be in the following range:
How to scale the encoded (numerical columns).
Values must be one of the following:
EuclideanKNNNormNone
High cardinality configuration.
Used for categories with more than cardinality_threshold unique categories.
Properties
Properties
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
How to encode categories/labels in multilabel (list[category]) columns.
Values must be one of the following:
BinarizerTfIdfNone
Maximum number of categories/labels to encode. If a number is provided, the result of the encoding will be reduced to these many dimensions (columns) using scikit-learn’s truncated SVD. When applied together with (after a) Tf-Idf encoding, this performs a kind of latent semantic analysis.
Values must be in the following range:
How to scale the encoded (numerical columns).
Values must be one of the following:
EuclideanKNNNormNone
Datetime encoder. Configures encoding of datetime (timestamp) features.
Properties
Properties
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
A list of numerical components to extract. Will create one numeric column for each component.
Array items
Array items
Each item in array.
Values must be one of the following:
day dayofweek dayofyear hour minute month quarter season second week weekday weekofyear year
A list of cyclical time features to extract. “Cycles” are numerical transformations of features that should be represented on a circle. E.g. months, ranging from 1 to 12, should be arranged such that 12 and 1 are next to each other, rather than on opposite ends of a linear scale. We represent such cyclical time features on a circle by creating two columns for each original feature: the sin and cos of the numerical feature after appropriate scaling.
Array items
Array items
Each item in array.
Values must be one of the following:
daydayofweekdayofyearhourmonth
Whether to include the epoch as new feature (seconds since 01/01/1970).
Whether and how to impute (replace/fill) missing values.
Values must be one of the following:
MeanMedianMostFrequentConstNone
Whether and how to scale the final numerical values (across a single column).
Values must be one of the following:
StandardRobustKNNNone
How to scale the encoded (numerical columns).
Values must be one of the following:
EuclideanKNNNormNone
Embedding/vector encoder.
Configures encoding of multivalued numerical features (variable length lists of numbers, i.e. vectors, or the semantic type list[number] for short).
Text encoder. Configures encoding of text (natural language) features. Currently only allows Tf-Idf embeddings to represent texts. If you wish to use other embeddings, e.g. semantic, Word2Vec etc., transform your text column first using another step, and then use that result instead of the original texts.
include_text_features below to active it.Properties
Properties
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
Parameters to be passed to the text encoder (Tf-Idf parameters only for now). See scikit-learn’s documentation for detailed parameters and their explanation.
How many output features to generate. The resulting Tf-Idf vectors will be reduced to these many dimensions (columns) using scikit-learn’s truncated SVD. This performs a kind of latent semantic analysis. By default we will reduce to 200 components.
Values must be in the following range:
How to scale the encoded (numerical columns).
Values must be one of the following:
EuclideanKNNNormNone
Whether to include or ignore text columns during the processing of input data.
Enabling this will convert texts to their TfIdf representation. Each text will be
converted to an N-dimensional vector in which each component measures the relative
“over-representation” of a specific word (or n-gram) relative to its overall
frequency in the whole dataset. This is disabled by default because it will
often be better to convert texts explicitly using a previous step, such as
embed_text or embed_text_with_model.
Model parameters. Also see official HDBSCAN documentation for details.
Properties
Properties
The minimum size of clusters. Intuitively, the smallest size grouping you wish to consider a cluster. When selecting a flat clustering from the cluster hierarchy, splits that contain fewer points than this will be considered points “falling out” of a cluster rather than a cluster splitting into two new clusters.
Values must be in the following range:
Determines how conservative the clustering is. The larger the value, the more points will be declared as noise, and clusters will be restricted to progressively more dense areas.
Values must be in the following range:
Distance threshold. Clusters below this value will be merged. If default parameters result in areas with a large number of micro-clusters, this parameter can help merging these clusters together. For example, set the value to 0.5 if you don’t want to separate clusters that are less than 0.5 units apart (the distance distribution depends on your specific data).
Values must be in the following range:
Method used to select clusters from the cluster hierarchy.
The default, “excess of mass” (eom), can sometimes pick one or two large clusters and then a number
of small extra clusters. If you’re interested in a more fine-grained clustering with a larger number of more homogeously
sized clusters, you may prefer selecting leaf clustering (leaf).
Values must be one of the following:
eofleaf
Seed for random number generator ensuring reproducibility.
Values must be in the following range:
train_clustering
Train and store a machine learning model to be loaded at a later point for prediction.
Density-based clustering with “HDBSCAN”
Generates a hierarchy of clusters, but then automatically selects the best flat clustering based on the stability
of clusters across a range of density thresholds. Roughly speaking, if a cluster’s subclusters persists over a larger
range of the density parameter then the parent cluster itself, the subclusters will be selected, otherwise the parent.
The main parameter influencing cluster selection is min_cluster_size.
Can be used to predict the clusters of new data without changing the existing clustering.
Usage
The following example shows how the step can be used in a recipe.
Examples
Examples
Train an HDBSCAN model with default parameters.
Train an HDBSCAN model with default parameters.
General syntax for using the step in a recipe. Shows the inputs and outputs the step is expected to receive and will produce respectively. For futher details see sections below.
Inputs & Outputs
The following are the inputs expected by the step and the outputs it produces. These are generally
columns (ds.first_name), datasets (ds or ds[["first_name", "last_name"]]) or models (referenced
by name e.g. "churn-clf").
Inputs
Inputs
Should contain the target column and the feature columns you wish to use in the model.
Outputs
Outputs
Configuration
The following parameters can be used to configure the behaviour of the step by including them in
a json object as the last “input” to the step, i.e. step(..., {"param": "value", ...}) -> (output).
Parameters
Parameters
Toggle encoding of feature columns.
When enabled, Graphext will auto-convert any column types to the numeric type before
fitting the model. How this conversion is done can be configured using the feature_encoder
option below.
Configures encoding of feature columns.
By default (null), Graphext chooses automatically how to convert any column types the model
may not understand natively to a numeric type.
A configuration object can be passed instead to overwrite specific parameter values with respect to their default values.
Properties
Properties
Numeric encoder. Configures encoding of numeric features.
Properties
Properties
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
Whether and how to impute (replace/fill) missing values.
Values must be one of the following:
MeanMedianMostFrequentConstNone
Whether and how to scale the final numerical values (across a single column).
Values must be one of the following:
StandardRobustKNNNone
Further parameters passed to the scaler function.
Details depend no the particular scaler used.
Boolean encoder. Configures encoding of boolean features.
Ordinal encoder. Configures encoding of categorical features that have a natural order.
Category encoder. May contain either a single configuration for all categorical variables, or two different configurations for low- and high-cardinality variables. For further details pick one of the two options below.
Options
Options
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
Whether and how to impute (replace/fill) missing values.
Values must be one of the following:
MostFrequentConstNone
Maximum number of unique categories to encode. Only the N-1 most common categories will be encoded, and the rest will be grouped into a single “Others” category.
Values must be in the following range:
How to encode categories.
Values must be one of the following:
OneHot Label Ordinal Binary Frequency None
Whether and how to scale the final numerical values (across a single column).
Values must be one of the following:
StandardRobustKNNNone
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
Whether and how to impute (replace/fill) missing values.
Values must be one of the following:
MostFrequentConstNone
Maximum number of unique categories to encode. Only the N-1 most common categories will be encoded, and the rest will be grouped into a single “Others” category.
Values must be in the following range:
How to encode categories.
Values must be one of the following:
OneHot Label Ordinal Binary Frequency None
Whether and how to scale the final numerical values (across a single column).
Values must be one of the following:
StandardRobustKNNNone
Condition for application of low- or high-cardinality configuration.
Number of unique categories below which the low_cardinality configuration is used,
and above which the high_cardinality configuration is used.
Values must be in the following range:
Low cardinality configuration.
Used for categories with fewer than cardinality_threshold unique categories.
Properties
Properties
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
Whether and how to impute (replace/fill) missing values.
Values must be one of the following:
MostFrequentConstNone
Maximum number of unique categories to encode. Only the N-1 most common categories will be encoded, and the rest will be grouped into a single “Others” category.
Values must be in the following range:
How to encode categories.
Values must be one of the following:
OneHot Label Ordinal Binary Frequency None
Whether and how to scale the final numerical values (across a single column).
Values must be one of the following:
StandardRobustKNNNone
High cardinality configuration.
Used for categories with more than cardinality_threshold unique categories.
Properties
Properties
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
Whether and how to impute (replace/fill) missing values.
Values must be one of the following:
MostFrequentConstNone
Maximum number of unique categories to encode. Only the N-1 most common categories will be encoded, and the rest will be grouped into a single “Others” category.
Values must be in the following range:
How to encode categories.
Values must be one of the following:
OneHot Label Ordinal Binary Frequency None
Whether and how to scale the final numerical values (across a single column).
Values must be one of the following:
StandardRobustKNNNone
Multilabel encoder.
Configures encoding of multivalued categorical features (variable length lists of categories,
or the semantic type list[category] for short). May contain either a single configuration for
all multilabel variables, or two different configurations for low- and high-cardinality variables.
For further details pick one of the two options below.
Options
Options
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
How to encode categories/labels in multilabel (list[category]) columns.
Values must be one of the following:
BinarizerTfIdfNone
Maximum number of categories/labels to encode. If a number is provided, the result of the encoding will be reduced to these many dimensions (columns) using scikit-learn’s truncated SVD. When applied together with (after a) Tf-Idf encoding, this performs a kind of latent semantic analysis.
Values must be in the following range:
How to scale the encoded (numerical columns).
Values must be one of the following:
EuclideanKNNNormNone
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
How to encode categories/labels in multilabel (list[category]) columns.
Values must be one of the following:
BinarizerTfIdfNone
Maximum number of categories/labels to encode. If a number is provided, the result of the encoding will be reduced to these many dimensions (columns) using scikit-learn’s truncated SVD. When applied together with (after a) Tf-Idf encoding, this performs a kind of latent semantic analysis.
Values must be in the following range:
How to scale the encoded (numerical columns).
Values must be one of the following:
EuclideanKNNNormNone
Condition for application of low- or high-cardinality configuration.
Number of unique categories below which the low_cardinality configuration is used,
and above which the high_cardinality configuration is used.
Values must be in the following range:
Low cardinality configuration.
Used for mulitabel columns with fewer than cardinality_threshold unique categories/labels.
Properties
Properties
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
How to encode categories/labels in multilabel (list[category]) columns.
Values must be one of the following:
BinarizerTfIdfNone
Maximum number of categories/labels to encode. If a number is provided, the result of the encoding will be reduced to these many dimensions (columns) using scikit-learn’s truncated SVD. When applied together with (after a) Tf-Idf encoding, this performs a kind of latent semantic analysis.
Values must be in the following range:
How to scale the encoded (numerical columns).
Values must be one of the following:
EuclideanKNNNormNone
High cardinality configuration.
Used for categories with more than cardinality_threshold unique categories.
Properties
Properties
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
How to encode categories/labels in multilabel (list[category]) columns.
Values must be one of the following:
BinarizerTfIdfNone
Maximum number of categories/labels to encode. If a number is provided, the result of the encoding will be reduced to these many dimensions (columns) using scikit-learn’s truncated SVD. When applied together with (after a) Tf-Idf encoding, this performs a kind of latent semantic analysis.
Values must be in the following range:
How to scale the encoded (numerical columns).
Values must be one of the following:
EuclideanKNNNormNone
Datetime encoder. Configures encoding of datetime (timestamp) features.
Properties
Properties
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
A list of numerical components to extract. Will create one numeric column for each component.
Array items
Array items
Each item in array.
Values must be one of the following:
day dayofweek dayofyear hour minute month quarter season second week weekday weekofyear year
A list of cyclical time features to extract. “Cycles” are numerical transformations of features that should be represented on a circle. E.g. months, ranging from 1 to 12, should be arranged such that 12 and 1 are next to each other, rather than on opposite ends of a linear scale. We represent such cyclical time features on a circle by creating two columns for each original feature: the sin and cos of the numerical feature after appropriate scaling.
Array items
Array items
Each item in array.
Values must be one of the following:
daydayofweekdayofyearhourmonth
Whether to include the epoch as new feature (seconds since 01/01/1970).
Whether and how to impute (replace/fill) missing values.
Values must be one of the following:
MeanMedianMostFrequentConstNone
Whether and how to scale the final numerical values (across a single column).
Values must be one of the following:
StandardRobustKNNNone
How to scale the encoded (numerical columns).
Values must be one of the following:
EuclideanKNNNormNone
Embedding/vector encoder.
Configures encoding of multivalued numerical features (variable length lists of numbers, i.e. vectors, or the semantic type list[number] for short).
Text encoder. Configures encoding of text (natural language) features. Currently only allows Tf-Idf embeddings to represent texts. If you wish to use other embeddings, e.g. semantic, Word2Vec etc., transform your text column first using another step, and then use that result instead of the original texts.
include_text_features below to active it.Properties
Properties
Toggle the addition of a column using 0s and 1s to indicate where an input column contained missing values.
Parameters to be passed to the text encoder (Tf-Idf parameters only for now). See scikit-learn’s documentation for detailed parameters and their explanation.
How many output features to generate. The resulting Tf-Idf vectors will be reduced to these many dimensions (columns) using scikit-learn’s truncated SVD. This performs a kind of latent semantic analysis. By default we will reduce to 200 components.
Values must be in the following range:
How to scale the encoded (numerical columns).
Values must be one of the following:
EuclideanKNNNormNone
Whether to include or ignore text columns during the processing of input data.
Enabling this will convert texts to their TfIdf representation. Each text will be
converted to an N-dimensional vector in which each component measures the relative
“over-representation” of a specific word (or n-gram) relative to its overall
frequency in the whole dataset. This is disabled by default because it will
often be better to convert texts explicitly using a previous step, such as
embed_text or embed_text_with_model.
Model parameters. Also see official HDBSCAN documentation for details.
Properties
Properties
The minimum size of clusters. Intuitively, the smallest size grouping you wish to consider a cluster. When selecting a flat clustering from the cluster hierarchy, splits that contain fewer points than this will be considered points “falling out” of a cluster rather than a cluster splitting into two new clusters.
Values must be in the following range:
Determines how conservative the clustering is. The larger the value, the more points will be declared as noise, and clusters will be restricted to progressively more dense areas.
Values must be in the following range:
Distance threshold. Clusters below this value will be merged. If default parameters result in areas with a large number of micro-clusters, this parameter can help merging these clusters together. For example, set the value to 0.5 if you don’t want to separate clusters that are less than 0.5 units apart (the distance distribution depends on your specific data).
Values must be in the following range:
Method used to select clusters from the cluster hierarchy.
The default, “excess of mass” (eom), can sometimes pick one or two large clusters and then a number
of small extra clusters. If you’re interested in a more fine-grained clustering with a larger number of more homogeously
sized clusters, you may prefer selecting leaf clustering (leaf).
Values must be one of the following:
eofleaf
Seed for random number generator ensuring reproducibility.
Values must be in the following range: